Adaptations for Survival
This is a unit our students studied. Students have worked on studying structural adaptations of plants and animals, as well as behavioral adaptations of animals. Students will study pollution and the affects on the environment and the animals. They will finish the unit studying about extinct and endangered animals. We will also take a look at fossils and their importance to scientific understanding of the past.
Chapter 4 Documents:
Chapter 4 Vocabulary- Surviving in the Environment
1. adaptation- any structure or behavior that helps a living thing meet its needs for survival.
2. camouflage- any coloring, shape, or pattern that allows a living thing to blend into its surroundings.
3. migration- the movement of an animal from one location to another as the seasons change.
4. hibernation- a long, deep sleep in which an animal’s heart rate and breathing are much slower than normal.
5. symbiosis- a special way in which two different kinds of living things live together.
6. parasite- a plant or animal that feeds off another living thing and harms it.
7. host- a plant or animal that is harmed by a parasite.
8. pollution- anything harmful added to the air, land, or water.
9. recycle- to use the same materials over and over again.
10. endangered- having a population that is falling low in number and that is in danger of becoming extinct.
11. extinct- no longer in existence.
12. fossil- any mark or remains of a plant or animal that lived a long time ago.
Chapter 4 Documents:
Chapter 4 Vocabulary- Surviving in the Environment
1. adaptation- any structure or behavior that helps a living thing meet its needs for survival.
2. camouflage- any coloring, shape, or pattern that allows a living thing to blend into its surroundings.
3. migration- the movement of an animal from one location to another as the seasons change.
4. hibernation- a long, deep sleep in which an animal’s heart rate and breathing are much slower than normal.
5. symbiosis- a special way in which two different kinds of living things live together.
6. parasite- a plant or animal that feeds off another living thing and harms it.
7. host- a plant or animal that is harmed by a parasite.
8. pollution- anything harmful added to the air, land, or water.
9. recycle- to use the same materials over and over again.
10. endangered- having a population that is falling low in number and that is in danger of becoming extinct.
11. extinct- no longer in existence.
12. fossil- any mark or remains of a plant or animal that lived a long time ago.
Chapter 4 Notes (Lesson 1, 2, 3, 4)
Chapter 4 Lesson 1 Notes p. A98-A104
Plant Structures for Survival
· An adaptation is a structure or behavior that helps a living thing survive.
· Many plants have adaptations for getting sunlight--
o Grow towards the sun.
o Climb up taller objects.
o Have large leaves.
· Plants also have adaptations for getting water--
o Lose leaves before it turns cold (oak, maple trees)
o Thin, waxy leaves (pine needles)
o Long, shallow roots (cacti)
o Store water (cacti)
o Thick, waxy covering (cacti)
Animal Structures for Survival
· Animals need food, water, and protection from predators and their environment to stay alive.
· Many animals have adaptations for getting food and water--
o The thorny devil lizard has spikes for protection and grooves along its body to collect water.
o A spider spins a web to catch insects for food.
· A walrus has a layer of blubber to help protect itself from its environment.
· Ducks have webbed feet to help it swim and paddle in water.
Camouflage
· Camouflage is any coloring, shape, or pattern that allows a living thing to blend into its environment.
o Think about our activity with the bugs.
· Camouflage helps animals stay hidden within their surroundings.
Study:
Vocab
Notes
Re-read pages A98-A104
On Quiz:
9 True/False Questions
1 Problem to solve (TIPS)
Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Notes p. A105-A111
Living in Groups for Survival
· Behaviors that help animals survive are also adaptations. (example: living in groups)
· Animals live in groups to survive or meet their basic needs.
· Scientists give names to groups of animals. (flock of birds, school of fish, pride of lions, etc.)
· Living in groups makes it easier for animals to hunt for food and protect each other.
· Animals living in colonies each have a different job.
Caring for Young
· Many animals are helpless at birth and need to be taken care of.
· Usually the mother takes care of the young, sometimes the father helps too.
· In some bird families both the mother and father sit on the eggs to keep them warm.
· Birds and many other adult animals protect their young from predators.
· Some adult animals also groom their young.
Migration and Hibernation
· Migration is the movement of an animal from one location to another. (example: birds flying south for the winter)
· Animals will travel hundreds of miles to escape cold and find food.
· Some examples of migrating animals are Gray Whales, Green Sea Turtles, and the Monarch Butterfly.
· During hibernation an animal’s body slows way down so they are hardly using any energy. They appear almost dead.
· True hibernators will hibernate for the entire winter without waking up. Deep sleep for the whole winter (example: ground squirrel).
· The other kinds of hibernators DON’T sleep through the whole winter. They will sleep for weeks or months at a time. On warmer days they will hunt for food. (example: brown bear)
Special Ways that Animals Live Together
· Symbiosis is a special way in which two different kinds of living things live together.
· A parasite feeds off a host/living thing and harms it.
· In symbiosis, one animal is always benefiting.
Study:
Vocab
Notes
Re-read pages A105-A111 (especially all of the captions for the pictures)
On Quiz:
6 Matching Questions
3 True/False Questions
1 Problem to solve (TIPS)
Plant Structures for Survival
· An adaptation is a structure or behavior that helps a living thing survive.
· Many plants have adaptations for getting sunlight--
o Grow towards the sun.
o Climb up taller objects.
o Have large leaves.
· Plants also have adaptations for getting water--
o Lose leaves before it turns cold (oak, maple trees)
o Thin, waxy leaves (pine needles)
o Long, shallow roots (cacti)
o Store water (cacti)
o Thick, waxy covering (cacti)
Animal Structures for Survival
· Animals need food, water, and protection from predators and their environment to stay alive.
· Many animals have adaptations for getting food and water--
o The thorny devil lizard has spikes for protection and grooves along its body to collect water.
o A spider spins a web to catch insects for food.
· A walrus has a layer of blubber to help protect itself from its environment.
· Ducks have webbed feet to help it swim and paddle in water.
Camouflage
· Camouflage is any coloring, shape, or pattern that allows a living thing to blend into its environment.
o Think about our activity with the bugs.
· Camouflage helps animals stay hidden within their surroundings.
Study:
Vocab
Notes
Re-read pages A98-A104
On Quiz:
9 True/False Questions
1 Problem to solve (TIPS)
Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Notes p. A105-A111
Living in Groups for Survival
· Behaviors that help animals survive are also adaptations. (example: living in groups)
· Animals live in groups to survive or meet their basic needs.
· Scientists give names to groups of animals. (flock of birds, school of fish, pride of lions, etc.)
· Living in groups makes it easier for animals to hunt for food and protect each other.
· Animals living in colonies each have a different job.
Caring for Young
· Many animals are helpless at birth and need to be taken care of.
· Usually the mother takes care of the young, sometimes the father helps too.
· In some bird families both the mother and father sit on the eggs to keep them warm.
· Birds and many other adult animals protect their young from predators.
· Some adult animals also groom their young.
Migration and Hibernation
· Migration is the movement of an animal from one location to another. (example: birds flying south for the winter)
· Animals will travel hundreds of miles to escape cold and find food.
· Some examples of migrating animals are Gray Whales, Green Sea Turtles, and the Monarch Butterfly.
· During hibernation an animal’s body slows way down so they are hardly using any energy. They appear almost dead.
· True hibernators will hibernate for the entire winter without waking up. Deep sleep for the whole winter (example: ground squirrel).
· The other kinds of hibernators DON’T sleep through the whole winter. They will sleep for weeks or months at a time. On warmer days they will hunt for food. (example: brown bear)
Special Ways that Animals Live Together
· Symbiosis is a special way in which two different kinds of living things live together.
· A parasite feeds off a host/living thing and harms it.
· In symbiosis, one animal is always benefiting.
Study:
Vocab
Notes
Re-read pages A105-A111 (especially all of the captions for the pictures)
On Quiz:
6 Matching Questions
3 True/False Questions
1 Problem to solve (TIPS)
Chapter 4 Lesson 3 Notes p. A114-A117
Changes in Air, Land, and Water
· Pollution is any harmful substance added to the environment.
· Most air pollution comes from volcanoes and forest fires, which put dust and ash into the air.
· Air pollution is caused by the actions of people.
· Chemicals in the air can harm plants, in turn causing the animals that depend on the plants to lose their food source and/or shelter.
· Land can become polluted by garbage, litter, or other solid waste.
· Garbage used to be put into dumps. Dumps were a problem and spread diseased germs.
· Garbage is now put into landfills. Space for landfills can be a problem.
· Water is sometimes polluted by factories that dump harmful chemicals into rivers, lakes, and/or oceans.
· Oil spills can harm or kill animals or plants that live on/near the water or coasts.
Protecting the Environment
· To reduce air pollution you could carpool, ride your bike or walk.
· Recycling is a good way to reduce pollution. It also reduces the amount of garbage in landfills.
· Another way to reduce pollution is DON’T LITTER!!!!
Study:
Vocab
Notes
Re-read pages A114-A117
On Quiz:
9 True/False Questions
1 Problem to solve (TIPS)
Changes in Air, Land, and Water
· Pollution is any harmful substance added to the environment.
· Most air pollution comes from volcanoes and forest fires, which put dust and ash into the air.
· Air pollution is caused by the actions of people.
· Chemicals in the air can harm plants, in turn causing the animals that depend on the plants to lose their food source and/or shelter.
· Land can become polluted by garbage, litter, or other solid waste.
· Garbage used to be put into dumps. Dumps were a problem and spread diseased germs.
· Garbage is now put into landfills. Space for landfills can be a problem.
· Water is sometimes polluted by factories that dump harmful chemicals into rivers, lakes, and/or oceans.
· Oil spills can harm or kill animals or plants that live on/near the water or coasts.
Protecting the Environment
· To reduce air pollution you could carpool, ride your bike or walk.
· Recycling is a good way to reduce pollution. It also reduces the amount of garbage in landfills.
· Another way to reduce pollution is DON’T LITTER!!!!
Study:
Vocab
Notes
Re-read pages A114-A117
On Quiz:
9 True/False Questions
1 Problem to solve (TIPS)
Chapter 4 Lesson 4 Notes p. A118-A121
Endangered and Extinct
· When a habitat changes a plant or animal can become endangered or extinct.
· Living things are endangered when fewer of them survive each year.
· If a plant or animal disappears completely, it is extinct.
· Every living thing is adapted to its habitat.
· Sometimes people cause plants and animals to become endangered or extinct.
· Habitats are destroyed to make room for people to live.
· Unnatural plants in an area can kill the natural plants of/in that area. Example: Silene Perlmanii from Hawaii.
· Extinction happens naturally as habitats change over time. However, changes in habitat are not always natural changes.
· The California condor nearly became extinct as their habitat changed.
· Scientists think the Tasmanian Tiger/Wolf is extinct from farmers killing it to protect their sheep.
Fossils
· A fossil is any remains or mark left behind by a plant or an animal that was once alive.
· Scientists learn about plants and animals that are extinct by studying fossils.
· One type of fossil is when an animal dies and is covered in mud. As years go by, more and more mud covers the remains. The mud around the bones hardens forming the fossil.
· A fossil can form in amber or tree sap/gum. This happens when an insect or plant/flower gets stuck in the amber, then it hardens.
· Fossils are important for scientists.
Study:
Vocab
Notes
Re-read pages A118-A121 (make sure to include all of the picture captions)
On Test:
9 True/False Questions
1 Problem to solve (TIPS)
Endangered and Extinct
· When a habitat changes a plant or animal can become endangered or extinct.
· Living things are endangered when fewer of them survive each year.
· If a plant or animal disappears completely, it is extinct.
· Every living thing is adapted to its habitat.
· Sometimes people cause plants and animals to become endangered or extinct.
· Habitats are destroyed to make room for people to live.
· Unnatural plants in an area can kill the natural plants of/in that area. Example: Silene Perlmanii from Hawaii.
· Extinction happens naturally as habitats change over time. However, changes in habitat are not always natural changes.
· The California condor nearly became extinct as their habitat changed.
· Scientists think the Tasmanian Tiger/Wolf is extinct from farmers killing it to protect their sheep.
Fossils
· A fossil is any remains or mark left behind by a plant or an animal that was once alive.
· Scientists learn about plants and animals that are extinct by studying fossils.
· One type of fossil is when an animal dies and is covered in mud. As years go by, more and more mud covers the remains. The mud around the bones hardens forming the fossil.
· A fossil can form in amber or tree sap/gum. This happens when an insect or plant/flower gets stuck in the amber, then it hardens.
· Fossils are important for scientists.
Study:
Vocab
Notes
Re-read pages A118-A121 (make sure to include all of the picture captions)
On Test:
9 True/False Questions
1 Problem to solve (TIPS)
Unit B Chapter 1- Measuring Matter
Students will be working on their Matter unit now! We will be looking at the many facets of matter, including states, physical and chemical changes, and the measurment of matter to name a few.
Chapter 1 Documents: Notes and other Resources will be added as students study the topics!
Unit B Chapter 1 Vocabulary- Measuring Matter
· matter- anything that has mass and takes up space.
· mass- the amount of material an object an object has in it.
· volume- the amount of space that matter takes up.
· mixture- two or more substances that are mixed together but can be easily separated.
· solution- a mixture in which one substance spreads evenly throughout another substance.
· meter- a unit for measuring length.
· cubic meter- a unit for measuring the volume of a solid.
· liter- a unit for measuring volume.
· graduated cylinder- a tool used to measure the volume of liquids.
· gram- the basic unit for measuring mass.
· density- how much mass is in a certain volume of matter.
· physical change- a change in matter that changes physical properties, but does not produce a different kind of matter.
· melting point- the temperature at which matter changes from a solid to a liquid.
· boiling point- the temperature at which matter changes from a liquid to a gas.
· freezing point- the temperature at which matter changes from a liquid to a solid.
· chemical change- a change in matter that produces a different kind of matter.
Chapter 1 Documents: Notes and other Resources will be added as students study the topics!
Unit B Chapter 1 Vocabulary- Measuring Matter
· matter- anything that has mass and takes up space.
· mass- the amount of material an object an object has in it.
· volume- the amount of space that matter takes up.
· mixture- two or more substances that are mixed together but can be easily separated.
· solution- a mixture in which one substance spreads evenly throughout another substance.
· meter- a unit for measuring length.
· cubic meter- a unit for measuring the volume of a solid.
· liter- a unit for measuring volume.
· graduated cylinder- a tool used to measure the volume of liquids.
· gram- the basic unit for measuring mass.
· density- how much mass is in a certain volume of matter.
· physical change- a change in matter that changes physical properties, but does not produce a different kind of matter.
· melting point- the temperature at which matter changes from a solid to a liquid.
· boiling point- the temperature at which matter changes from a liquid to a gas.
· freezing point- the temperature at which matter changes from a liquid to a solid.
· chemical change- a change in matter that produces a different kind of matter.
Unit B Chapter 1 Lesson 1 Notes pp. B8-B11
· All living and non-living things are made of matter.
· Definitions of matter, mass, and volume are important to remember.
Physical Properties of Matter
· A property is something about matter that can be observed and tells you what the matter is like.
· Color, shape, size, and mass are physical properties of matter. They can be used to describe and organize matter.
· An important property is the state of matter. There are three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.
· Another property of matter is the ability of some matter to float in a gas or a liquid.
Mixtures and Solutions
· A mixture can be easily taken apart, and have not joined together to create a new substance.
· A solution is a mixture that cannot be easily separated. One substance is evenly spread through another (Kool-aid).
Metric Measurement Word Problems-- Homefun Assignment Due :3/25 (C-HR) or 4/1 (P-HR)
Solve each problem and use the correct metric measurment!
1. Ethan lives at one end of Park Avenue. Brian lives at the other end of the avenue. It is 5.8 kilometers from one end of Park Avenue to the other. If Ethan walks 2.79 kilometers toward Brian's house, how many meters does he have to walk to get there?
1000 m = 1 km
2. Devin had the measles and had to stay inside even though he didn't feel very bad at all. He decided to make a cake to surprise his mother. The recipe said he needed four deciliters of milk. How many liters of milk did he need?
10 dL = 1 L
3. Aaron and Noah wanted to have a contest to see which of their paper airplanes could fly the longest distance. Aaron's plane flew four meters. Noah's plane only flew seventy-nine centimeters. How much further did Aaron's plane fly?
100 cm = 1 m
1000 mm = 1 m
10 mm = 1 cm
4. We are driving to Las Vegas. The sign says that it is one hundred forty-five kilometers to Las Vegas. How many meters is it to Las Vegas?
1000 m = 1 km
5. Olivia was very cold. She wanted to wear her new jacket with the pink flowers on it. Her mother said that it was negative seven degrees Celsius but that it was going to be eleven degrees Celsius by afternoon. How many degrees would the temperature have to rise to reach eleven degrees Celsius?
6. The miller wants to bake a loaf of bread, but he didn't have any flour. He decided he would grind just enough for eighteen loaves. If it takes three kilograms of flour for three loafs, how much flour will he need?
3 kg = 3 loaves
1 kg = 1 loaf
1. Ethan lives at one end of Park Avenue. Brian lives at the other end of the avenue. It is 5.8 kilometers from one end of Park Avenue to the other. If Ethan walks 2.79 kilometers toward Brian's house, how many meters does he have to walk to get there?
1000 m = 1 km
2. Devin had the measles and had to stay inside even though he didn't feel very bad at all. He decided to make a cake to surprise his mother. The recipe said he needed four deciliters of milk. How many liters of milk did he need?
10 dL = 1 L
3. Aaron and Noah wanted to have a contest to see which of their paper airplanes could fly the longest distance. Aaron's plane flew four meters. Noah's plane only flew seventy-nine centimeters. How much further did Aaron's plane fly?
100 cm = 1 m
1000 mm = 1 m
10 mm = 1 cm
4. We are driving to Las Vegas. The sign says that it is one hundred forty-five kilometers to Las Vegas. How many meters is it to Las Vegas?
1000 m = 1 km
5. Olivia was very cold. She wanted to wear her new jacket with the pink flowers on it. Her mother said that it was negative seven degrees Celsius but that it was going to be eleven degrees Celsius by afternoon. How many degrees would the temperature have to rise to reach eleven degrees Celsius?
6. The miller wants to bake a loaf of bread, but he didn't have any flour. He decided he would grind just enough for eighteen loaves. If it takes three kilograms of flour for three loafs, how much flour will he need?
3 kg = 3 loaves
1 kg = 1 loaf
Chapter 1 Lesson 2 Notes p. B12-B15
Measuring Length
Measuring Mass
Measuring Length
- Length measures how far apart two points are.
- Length is a property of matter.
- A unit for measuring length is a meter (m).
- A meter stick is divided into 100 equal parts, called centimeters (cm).
- 1 meter (m)
- Centimeter (cm) = 1/100 of a meter
- Millimeter (mm)= 1/1000 of a meter
- Kilometer (Km)= 1000 meters
- A kilometer is used to measure long distances, such as between 2 cities or the height of a mountain.
- Volume is a property of matter.
- Volume= length x width x height (measuring with a meter stick)
- A cubic unit (meter, centimeter, etc.) is a unit for measuring the volume of a solid.
- A liquid’s volume is often measured in liters (L).
- 1/1000 of a liter is a milliliter (mL).
- Smaller amounts of liquid will be measured with mL.
- Graduated cylinders can be used to measure the volume of an object that has an irregular length, width, or height (for example an eraser or a golf ball).
Measuring Mass
- Mass is a property of matter that can be measured.
- Mass is like weight, BUT it is NOT the same thing.
- A tool, called a balance, can help you find the amount of mass in an object.
- A gram is the basic unit of measurement of mass.
- Milligram = 1/1000 of a gram; is used to measure small stuff (vitamins)
- Kilogram= 1000 grams; is used to measure large stuff (person)
- Density is how much mass (amount of material) is in a certain volume (amount of space an object takes up) of matter.
- Density is another property of matter.
- The difference between mass and density is that, mass is how much matter is in something, where as density is the amount of mass in a certain volume.
- To measure density- we would have to measure the volume (graduated cylinders or ruler) and the mass (balance) of the object.
Unit B Chapter 1 Lesson 4 p. B22-B25
Physical Changes in Matter
Unit B Chapter 1 Lesson 5 p. B26-B29
Chemical Changes in Matter
Science Review Challenge: This will help you study for your test!
Answer as many questions as you can with your group during the time limit. The goal is to answer all questions correctly!
Physical Changes in Matter
- Sometimes changes are slow, sometimes changes are fast.
- A physical change does not change matter into a different type of matter.
- Only the physical properties of matter are changed.
- Change in size, shape, color, or state of matter (solid, liquid, or gas) are some examples of physical changes.
- Heating or cooling matter to certain temperatures causes matter to change state.
- When a temperature of a SOLID rises enough, it melts turns into a LIQUID.
- Melting point- when a solid turns to a liquid at the right temperature.
- In order for a LIQUID to turn to a GAS, the liquid must reach it boiling point.
- Energy must be added to matter for the matter to melt or boil. Energy added is in the form of heat.
- Matter is cooled when energy is lost.
- The freezing point is when the temperature reached changes a LIQUID to a SOLID.
Unit B Chapter 1 Lesson 5 p. B26-B29
Chemical Changes in Matter
- A chemical change produces a completely different kind of matter.
- Matter produced by the change may have very different properties from the original matter.
- An example of a chemical change is pancakes. They go from a liquid batter to a brown and spongy solid.
- Chemical changes happen inside our bodies too. For example, chewing food which produces saliva, which breaks down food for digestion.
- Rusting, tarnishing, and burning are some more examples of chemical changes.
- Rust forms when oxygen mixes with iron.
- Tarnish causes metal to lose its shiny look.
- Exploding is the fastest kind of burning.
Science Review Challenge: This will help you study for your test!
Answer as many questions as you can with your group during the time limit. The goal is to answer all questions correctly!
- Would you add heat energy or cool something in order to move from a liquid to a solid? ________________________________________
- Name the three states of matter. ________________, __________________, __________________
- How might you measure the volume of an object that is an odd shape or size? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- The amount of material that an object has in it is called ____________________.
- In order to change from one state of matter to another, you must either add or take away _______________.
- The metric unit you would use to measure the length of the classroom. ___________________
- What are three physical properties of a potato chip? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- A balloon filler with helium gas rises in the air. What does that tell you about helium? __________________________________________________________________
- T or F Burning something is an example of a physical change.
- A bowl of peanuts, raisins, and M&Ms is an example of a __________________.
- Name the basic unit of measuring mass. ________________________
- Why is mass different from weight once you leave the atmosphere? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- The melting point for certain type of matter is the temperature at which _________________________________________________________________.
- Scientists use this tool to accurately measure liquids. _______________________
- Cooking batter to make a cake is an example of a _________________________.
- What has no definite shape, but does have a definite volume? _______________
- In which state of matter are the atoms or molecules spread the farthest apart? ____________________
- What is matter? ____________________________________________________
- Which could you add to water to make a solution, sand or salt? _______________
- What type of units is the volume of a box measured in? _____________________
- What prefix means 1000? ______________________________
- To measure mass we would use a tool called a ___________________________.
- A gram is about as heavy as a _____________________________.
- The width of your pinky nail is related to __________________________.
- 1 Liter is equal to 1000 ___________________________.
- Give an example of a physical change in matter. __________________________
- Give an example of a chemical change in matter. __________________________________________________________________
- Why might a bike tire appear to be losing air in a cold garage? __________________________________________________________________
- How can a gas become a liquid. __________________________________________________________________
- A meter is divided into 100 sections called _____________________.
- T or F Things that float are called buoyant.
- In shipping disasters, why does oil float o the water’s surface? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________